I don’t usually read “alternative history” books, but this was part of a “reading challenge”. This book sees Britain declaring war on the United States in 1862, not directly in support of the Confederacy, but as a result of the Trent affair. It’s an interesting idea, but the Irish-American author chooses bias over what might realistically have happened, and showed Britain being defeated at practically every turn. He doesn’t even seem to have much idea of what was actually happening in Britain at the time, claiming that the interruption to cotton supplies isn’t much of a problem because cotton could be imported from India instead. Excuse me? The Cotton Famine? The dreaded Surat cotton? On top of that, he makes some silly mistakes, such as repeatedly referring to Sir Garnet Wolseley as “Wolsey”, and some utterly ridiculous blunders, such as showing Palmerston’s Whig/Liberal government sending Disraeli as an envoy to the Confederacy.
The ending has some appeal, though. In this version of events, the war ends in 1862, Lincoln isn’t assassinated, Britain and the US go forward on fairly good terms, a general amnesty’s granted to all Confederates, and there’s no Reconstruction. Now that would have been a distinct improvement on what actually happened.
Incidentally, every time anyone mentions Sir Garnet Wolseley (even if they do seem to have him confused with Cardinal Wolsey), I think of Nana in Ballet Shoes going on about everything being “all Sir Garnet”. Apparently it was quite a popular expression in both Britain and Canada at one time, but it rather confused my little self, forty-plus years ago!
OK, let’s have a good long whinge. American authors often, irritatingly use “England” and “Britain” interchangeably, but this guy really takes the biscuit, repeatedly doing so within the same sentence. Then he refers to “British” divisions and “Scottish” divisions as if Scotland isn’t part of Britain. He also uses some words in the wrong context, e.g. “behoove” used to mean “possess” (as in “what behooved you?” and “incur” used to mean “inflict”. And, on one of the very few occasions on which he mentions the effect of the blockade on the British textile industry, he refers to “labourers”. Operatives!! The word is operatives!!
And he seems to think that Queen Victoria dictated British foreign policy. I love America, but there really is a lot of misunderstanding there about the role of the Hanoverian monarchs. And I love Ireland. Most British people do. A lot of Irish-Americans don’t seem to get that. (Joe Biden, I’m looking at you.) The Declaration of Independence blames poor old George III for every single gripe that the colonists had! Even in Gone With The Wind, Rhett Butler proclaims that “England” won’t support the Confederacy because of Queen Victoria’s anti-slavery views. We get the same thing here, but the author gets round the idea of Britain eventually allying with the Confederacy by saying that Queen Victoria was too busy mourning Prince Albert to get involved. Of course, in reality, the person who did most to avert war over the Trent Affair was Prince Albert, but that was a one-off.
The idea that Palmerston would send a prominent Tory such as Disraeli to negotiate on his govenment’s behalf is preposterous, and the author compounds that error by saying that it was thought that Disraeli and Judah Benjamin would get on because they were both Jews who professed Christianity. Apart from the unspeakable tackiness of that comment, it needs to be pointed out that the entire Disraeli family converted when Benjamin Disraeli was a child, and that Judah Benjamin most definitely did not profess Christianity. His becoming a United States senator and then Secretary of State for the Confederacy are two big moments in the history of religious tolerance and equality in America. Conroy gets it all wrong. Gah!
As for the conduct of the war, he shows American ironclads defeating the British Navy’s wooden ships. Both Britain and France had built ironclads before the American Civil War started. So there!!
So what actually happens in this book? Following the Trent affair, and some other naval skirmishes, Britain declares war on the Union. However, Britain doesn’t recognise the Confederacy, as public opinion in Britain would be outraged by an alliance with a slave-owning power. You can tie yourself in knots over this. We have a statue of Abraham Lincoln in Manchester city centre. Lincoln wrote a letter to “the working men of Manchester”. But there was certainly some pro-Confederate feeling in Britain – not pro-slavery, but pro the idea of an economic alliance. There’s also a theory, which I think is largely a Confederate theory, that Palmerston supported the Confederacy, because he felt that it was ruled by an aristocracy akin to the British aristocracy. That’s pretty bonkers. No-one is telling me that Viscount Palmerston regarded Jefferson Davis as his social equal! To be fair, Conroy doesn’t mention this theory, but he does suggest that Palmerston and Lord John Russell disliked the Union because it was such a wonderful democracy. Yeah, yeah. He even suggests that Gladstone was in on all this. Nonsense. Gladstone was well-known to be pro-Union.
He does tie himself in knots a bit over it all, and eventually says that Britain agrees to work with the Confederacy in return for Jeff Davis promising to free the slaves at the end of the war. Britain certainly put pressure on some countries, notably Brazil, to free their slaves, but the idea that Palmerston, Russell and Gladstone would believe that the Confederacy would agree to this is unrealistic, to say the least.
Then he comes up with this crazy idea of Patrick Cleburne, a Protestant, Anglo-Irish, middle-class Confederate officer, nicknamed “the Stonewall of the West”, who in this book has somehow morphed into a Fenian and a pro-Union man, raising an Irish Legion to fight for the Union, on the grounds that all the Irish immigrants in Boston and New York will want to fight against Britain. I suppose they might have done, but they certainly wouldn’t have been led by Cleburne. And would they have been keen to sign up anyway? Three words – Manhattan Draft Riots (1863).
Britain then burns New York and Boston, which … well, I was going to say that it seems unlikely, but we’re only half a century after the War of 1812. And plenty of burning did go on during the American Civil War. We all know about Atlanta.
War breaks out in Canada. That probably would have happened – but, in this version of events, the Americans carry all before them, which probably would not have happened! In terms of British leaders, we’ve got Sir Garnet Wolseley, Robert Napier … and Lord Cardigan. Cardigan is shown to make a mess of things, but he was a bit of a hero at this time. To be fair, the Charge of the Light Brigade really wasn’t his fault, and it’s rather unfair that he now gets the blame for it. On the American side, Winfield Scott is very involved behind the scenes, and the author clearly has it in for George McClellan. I don’t mind McClellan, but that’s probably more because he was Orry and George’s classmate in North and South than anything else :-).
In the middle of all this, the Irish Brigade proclaim a “Republic of New Ireland” in part of Ontario. Er, no. That so wouldn’t have happened. When exactly did Lincoln have anything to do with Ireland?!
The fact that Britain has possessions in the West Indies, which would have been relevant, is never once mentioned.
The British and the Confederates then join forces, and there’s a lot of fighting in Maryland. The Americans win, of course. And the Irish are very involved, of course. But then Lincoln abandons the Irish Legion. I’ll just get my violin. And I dread to think what Patrick Cleburne, the Confederate hero, would make of any of this! Robert E Lee is injured, but even Conroy can’t bring himself to kill Lee off.
A slave woman, who has taught herself to read and write, then takes some letters from Jefferson Davis to Wade Hampton, which prove that the Confederacy never intend to emancipate the slaves. And some false evidence is produced, showing that the Trent affair was a set up. Britain comes to terms with the Union, and persuades the Confederacy to do the same. Britain agrees to cede central and Western Canada to the US, in return for America supporting British annexation of Hawaii. I have no idea how Hawaii got into this, but it’s an interesting idea! Everyone agrees to try to keep the French out of Mexico. And it’s agreed that slaves in the southern states will be freed in five years’ time, and that slaveowners will be compensated.
Alternative history isn’t real. Obviously! So we’ll all have our own ideas about how certain scenarios might have played out. But this version of events is just ridiculously biased, and some of it’s downright inaccurate. However, I did have great fun reading it, and even greater fun criticising it. So thank you to the author for all of that!